One instrument they have used has been sterilisation of the monetary consequences of reserve accumulations, to prevent the normal expansion of money and credit, overheating, inflation and so loss of external competitiveness. 这些国家采用的手段就是“冲销”外汇储备累积对本国货币供应的影响,以防货币和信贷的正常扩张、经济过热、通胀以及外部竞争力丧失。
Whereas letter of credit is the most popular settlement instrument in international trade, Letter of Credit Fraud is the thesis of this article. 信用证是目前国际贸易最重要的结算方式。
Being the instrument of payment in daily consume and the non-target revolving loan, the business of credit card, since 2003, has attracted the attention of commercial banks at home and abroad following loans of motors and houses. 在房贷和车贷之后,作为既是日常生活消费的支付工具,也是非计划性(non-target)循环贷款的信用卡业务,从2003年开始就吸引了各中外商业银行的眼球。
But actually, as the important part of monetary policy instrument, the change in interest rate can affect the size of bank credit as well as the entire social economic development. 然而,通过调整利率来影响银行信贷,从而对整个社会总需求和经济发展进行调控,是利率政策的运用方式。
As a kind of developed electronic payment instrument, there are only 20 years since credit card entered into China in middle 1980 ', and the history of legislation on credit card crime is only 10 years. 信用卡作为一种先进的电子支付工具,从20世纪80年代中期进入我国至今不过短短20年的时间,而关于信用卡犯罪的立法也仅有10年的历史。
Bond is a significant type of financial instrument, its price is affected by interests and credit level of the entity. At present, the study of bonds is mainly from the point of credit spreads. 债券作为一种重要的金融产品和投资对象,其价格受到利率和发行主体信用水平的影响,对债券信用风险的研究主要从信用价差的角度进行。
Export credit insurance ( ECI) as a kind of policy instrument to be approved by the international rules has been brought into its export security system. The promoting effect of export credit insurance for the export companies has become increasingly apparent. 出口信用保险(或出口信贷保险)作为目前被国际规则所认可的一种政策工具已被世界大多数国家纳入其出口保障体系,对本国出口企业的促进作用越来越明显。